A Review of Bacterial Endocarditis and the Current Recommendations for Its Prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v52i4.1822Keywords:
bacterial endocarditis, antibiotic prophylaxis, endocardite bactérienne, antibiothérapie prophylactiqueAbstract
ABSTRACT
Bacterial endocarditis is a rare but serious infectious disease for which prevention, specifically antibiotic prophylaxis, is important. In June 1997, the American Heart Association published revised recommendations for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Despite the existence of these guidelines, surveys of health-care practitioners and patients have demonstrated a significant lack of knowledge of important issues regarding antibiotic prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis. The purpose of this article is to give pharmacists the information required to educate other health-care practitioners and patients about the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis for this condition. The article reviews the incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of bacterial endocarditis and outlines the current recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis. The risk factors for bacterial endocarditis, including cardiac conditions and procedures that cause bacteremia, are reviewed. The indications for antibiotic prophylaxis, based on the relative benefits and risks, are also discussed.
RÉSUMÉ
L'endocardite bactérienne est une infection rare, mais grave pour laquelle la prévention, particulièrement l'antibiothérapie prophylactique, est importante. En juin 1997, l'American Heart Association a publié des recommandations révisées pour la prévention de l'endocardite bactérienne. Malgré l'existence de ces lignes directrices, des sondages auprès des professionnels de la santé et des patients ont démontré un manque considérable de connaissances des problèmes touchant l'antibiothérapie prophylactique. Le but de cet article est de donner au pharmacien l'information nécessaire pour informer les autres professionnels de la santé et les patients sur la pertinence de l'antibiothérapie prophylactique dans l'endocardite bactérienne. L'article analyse l'incidence, la pathophysiologie, et la manifestation clinique de l'endocardite bactérienne, et souligne les recommandations actuelles en termes d'antibiothérapie prophylactique. Les facteurs de risque d'endocardite bactérienne, y compris les états de santé et les interventions qui causent une bactériémie sont étudiés. Les indications pour l'antibiothérapie prophylactique, fondées sur les avantages et les risques relatifs, sont aussi passées en revue.
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