Helicobacter Pylori - Its Role and Treatment in Gastrointestinal Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v49i5.2203Keywords:
bismuth, gastrointestinal illnesses, Helicobacter pylori, omeprazole, peptic ulcer disease, triple therapy, affections gastro-intestinales, oméprazole, traitement d'association triple, ulcère gastro-duodénalAbstract
ABSTRACT
With gastrointestinal illnesses affecting a large percentage of the population, it is not surprising that Helicobacter pylori has received much recent attention. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of H. pylori in these illnesses as well as the various drug regimens used to eradicate it. While H. pylori has been found to cause type B gastritis, such a relationship has been more difficult to establish for peptic ulcer disease (PUD). It is known; however, that eradication of H. pylori leads to similar ulcer healing rates as those achieved with H2-receptor antagonists or omeprazole, but causes a significant decrease in ulcer relapse rates compared with conventional therapies. The population in which H. pylori treatment may be indicated has recently been extended to include all patients with H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease, whether initial or recurrent. Triple therapy containing bismuth and two antimicrobial agents has been the main treatment regime directed against H. pylori. However, this is changing as omeprazole-antibiotic combinations show promising results.
RÉSUMÉ
Les affections gastro-intestinales touchent un fort pourcentage dc la population. Aussi, n'est-il pas surprenant de voir que Helicobacter pylori ait retenu tant l'attention dernièrement. L'objet de cet article est d'examiner le rôle de H. pylori dans ces affections ainsi que les divers régimes thérapeutiques utilisés pour éradiquer ce microorganisme. Bien qu'on sache que H. pylori cause la gastrite de type B, il a été plus difficile d'établir ce lien de causalité dans le cas des ulcères gastroduodénaux. On sait cependant que l'éradication de H. pylori entraîne un taux de cicatrisation des ulcères semblable à celui qu'on obtient avec les antagonistes des récepteurs H2 ou l'oméprazole, mais qu'elle cause une diminution marquée des taux de récidives des ulcères comparativement avec les traitements classiques. On a récemment étendu l'indication du traitement de H. pylori à tous les patients présentant une infection à H. pylori ou un ulcère gastroduodénal initial ou récidivant. Le traitement d'association triple avec bismuth et deux agents antimicrobiens constitue la principale modalité thérapeutique d'éradication de H. pylori. Cela pourrait cependant bien changer, puisque les associations oméprazole-antibiotique montrent des résultats prometteurs.
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