Stability and Compatibility of Combinations of Hydromorphone and Dimenhydrinate, Lorazepam or Prochlorperazine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v46i2.2480Keywords:
compatibility, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, 8-chlorotheophylline, hydromorphone, lorazepam, prochlorperazine, stability, compatibilité, 8-chlorothéophylline, lorazépam, prochlorpérazine, stabilitéAbstract
ABSTRACT
The stability and compatibility of combinations of hydromorphone (2, 10 and 40 mg/ml) admixed separately with dimenhydrinate (50 mg/ml), prochlorperazine (5 mg/ml), or lorazepam ( 4 mg/ml) were tested over a seven-day period at 4°C, 23°C and 37°C. In addition to visual inspection and pH, the concentration of each component in the binary mixture was determined by a stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method. Each test was completed at time zero, one, four, six and seven days after mixing equal volumes of each medication.
The hydromorphone-dimenhydrinate combination was compatible and stable for 24 hours. By 48 hours, 8-chlorotheophylline had precipitated and the degree of precipitate was enhanced by increasing hydromorphone concentration. Lorazepam was physically compatible with hydromorphone. However, lorazepam degraded such that 90% of the initial concentration was maintained for six days at 4°C, four days at 23°C and only 24 hours at 37°C. Prochlorperazine and hydromorphone were physically compatible for seven days, even though prochlorperazine stability was affected by the presence of hydromorphone. However, less than 10% of the prochlorperazine degraded over seven days, even at 3 7° C
We recommend a seven-day expiration date for the combination of hydromorphone and prochlorperazine based on the observed physical and chemical stability of the combination at temperatures up to 37°C. However, we cannot recommend admixing hydromorphone and dimenhydrinate due to the precipitation of 8-chlorotheophylline. Admixtures of hydromorphone and lorazepam were physically compatible but the mixture was limited by the stability of lorazepam and so it is recommended that the expiry date not exceed 96 hours (four days) at 4°C. This will allow the solution to be stored at room temperature for up to an additional 24 hours prior to administration.
RÉSUMÉ
On a mélangé diverses solutions d'hydromorphone (2,10 et 4O mg/mL) avec, séparément, un volume égal d'une solution soit de dimenhydrate (50 mg/mL), de prochlorpérazine (5 mg/mL) ou de lorazépam (4 mg/mL), pour vérifier la compatibilité de ces trois médicaments avec l'hydromorphone et déterminer la stabilité du mélange binaire pendant sept jours à 4°C, à 23° C et à 37°C. En plus d'effectuer un examen visuel et de déterminer le pH, on a dosé les composants des mélangés par une méthode de chromatographie en phase liquide indiquant la stabilité. On a analysé les mélanges au moment de leur préparation, puis après un, quatre, six et sept jours.
L 'hydromorphone et le dimenhydrate sont compatibles et leur mélange reste stable 24 heures. Cependant, après 48 heures, la 8-chlorothéoplzylline précipite; la précipitation s'accroît avec la concentration d'hydromorphone. Le lorazépam et l'hydromorphone sont physiquement compatibles. Néanmoins, le lorazépam se dégrade, de sorte que le mélange ne contient plus que 90% de la concentration initiale de ce médicament après six jours à 4°C, quatre jours à 23°C et seulement 24 heures, à 37°C. La prochlorpérazine et l'hydromorphone sont physiquement compatibles pendant sept jours, mais l'hydromorphone altère la stabilité de la prochlorpérazine. La décomposition de cette dernière est toutefois inférieure à 10% après sept jours même à 37°C.
On recommande de fixer à sept jours la durée de stockage du mélange d'hydromorphone et de prochlorpérazine, étant donné sa stabilité physique et chimique jusqu'à 37°C. Par contre, mélanger des solutions d'hydromorphone et de dimenhydrinate n'est pas indiqué, en raison de la précipitation de la 8-chlorothéophylline. Les solutions d'hydromorphone et de lorazépam sont physiquement compatibles, mais la stabilité du lorazépam dans le mélange étant limitée, on déconseille de le stocker plus de 96 heures (quatre jours) à 4°C. Ceci permettra de stocker la solution à température ambiante jusqu'à 24 heures additionnelles avant l'administration.
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