Cisapride: A Novel Gastroprokinetic Drug
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v44i4.2754Keywords:
cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide, prokinetic drugs, dompéridone, métoclopramide, pro-cinétique médicamentAbstract
ABSTRACT
Impaired gastrointestinal motility underlies a multitude of digestive complaints. Metoclopramide, an antidopaminergic and cholinomimetic agent, was the first prokinetic drug used to treat such conditions, but a high incidence of adverse effects has limited its use, especially in infants. Domperidone, the second prokinetic drug marketed in Canada, is a potent peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist which does not cross the blood-brain barrier well and, therefore, displays minimal CNS side effects. Cisapride is a gastroprokinetic agent which appears to act mainly by releasing acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of the gut. It has no dopamine-blocking activity, and does not share the serious CNS side effects of other drugs in its class. These drugs stimulate gastric and small intestinal activity, but cisapride also enhances colonic motility. Cisapride is well tolerated, and seems to exhibit a more favourable benefit-risk ratio than metoclopramide or domperidone. Further studies will determine the relative place of cisapride in the treatment of GI motility disorders.
RÉSUMÉ
Une motilité gastro-intestinale pathologique est le signe d'une multitude de maladies digestives. Le métoclopramide, un agent anti-dopaminergique et cholinomimétique, fut le premier médicament procinétique utilisé pour traiter de telles conditions mais une fréquence élevée des réactions indésirables a limité son usage, surtout chez les nourrissons. Le dompéridone, le deuxième médicament procinétique commercialisé au Canada, est un antagoniste puissant des récepteurs dopaminergiques périphériques qui ne traverse pas beaucoup la barrière hémo-encéphalique et donc, provoque peu d'effets secondaires au système nerveux central (SNC). Le cisapride est un nouvel agent gastro-procinétique qui semble agir principalement par la libération de l'acétylcholine du plexus myentérique de l'intestin. Il ne bloque pas la dopamine, donc n'apporte aucun effet secondaire sérieux au SNC. Ces médicaments stimulent la motilité gastrique et celle de l'intestin grêle, mais en plus, le cisapride augmente la motilité du colon. Le cisapride est bien toléré et semble posséder un rapport avantage; risque plus favorable que le métoclopramide et le dompéridone. D’autres études détermineront la place respective du cisapride dans le traitement des troubles de la motilité GI (gastro-intestinale).
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