An Overview of Pneumonia in Community and Hospital Settings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v58i4.317Keywords:
pneumonia, community-acquired, nosocomial, ventilator-associated, antibiotic resistance, pneumonie, extra-hospitalière, nosocomiale, liée à la ventilation artificielle, résistance aux antibiotiquesAbstract
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is a common infection among patients both in the community and in the institutional setting and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. In the hospital setting, pneumonia is commonly associated with mechanical ventilation. The impact is significant, with the combined indirect and direct costs of community-acquired pneumonia in the United States estimated at US$12.2 billion and the direct costs of nosocomial pneumonia at US$2.2 billion. Several risk factors, such as altered level of consciousness, immunosuppression, obstruction, and malnutrition, may impair normal pulmonary defences. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and prevention of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia, as well as issues related to antimicrobial resistance.
RÉSUMÉ
La pneumonie est une infection courante chez les patients autant dans la collectivité que dans les établissements de santé et l’une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité au Canada. Dans les établissements de santé, la pneumonie est souvent associée à l’utilisation de la ventilation artificielle. Les conséquences sont considérables, comme en témoignent les coûts globaux directs et indirects de la pneumonie extrahospitalière qui s’élèvent aux États-Unis à environ 12,2 milliards de dollars US et les coûts directs de la pneumonie nosocomiale à 2,2 milliards de dollars US. Plusieurs facteurs de risque, comme une altération de la conscience, l’immunosuppression, une obstruction ou la malnutrition peuvent entraver les défenses naturelles des poumons. Cet article présente un aperçu de l’épidémiologie, de la pathogenèse, des facteurs de risque, du diagnostic, du traitement et de la prévention de la pneumonie extra-hospitalière et nosocomiale, de même que des problèmes liés à la résistance aux antimicrobiens.
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