Retrospective Clinical Audit of Adherence to a Protocol for Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Surgical Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v61i3.53Keywords:
venous thromboembolism, thromboprophylaxis, surgical patients, compliance, thromboembolie veineuse, thromboprophylaxie, patients opérés, observanceAbstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Thromboprophylaxis after surgical procedures reduces the incidence of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. In previous studies, adherence with recommended thromboprophylaxis guidelines has ranged from 13.3% to 94.0%.
Objective: This clinical audit was conducted to evaluate the rate of adherence to the venous thromboembolism prophylactic protocol for surgical patients at the authors’ institution.
Methods: A chart review was conducted for surgical patients admitted from April 2005 to March 2006. Patients were included if they had undergone an elective surgical procedure, had been under general anesthesia for more than 45 min, had been admitted to hospital for more than 48 h, and were over 40 years old. Patients were excluded if they had been admitted for medical reasons, emergency surgery, or orthopedic surgery or if they had received anticoagulation before the surgery. Each patient’s risk of venous thromboembolism was determined, and his or her thromboprophylaxis regimen was compared with the recommended regimen and assessed for adequacy.
Results: Thromboprophylaxis was used for 82 of the 100 surgical patients whose records were reviewed. However, only 29% of the patients had received adequate therapy as defined by the prophylaxis protocol. The major reason for inadequacy of thromboprophylaxis was inappropriate stratification of the patient’s risk of venous thromboembolism.
Conclusion: Most surgical patients had received a thromboprophylactic regimen, but a large proportion of the patients received therapy that was suboptimal for their assessed level of risk. Provision of a checklist for assessing the risk of thrombosis and education of practitioners about risk stratification and the benefits of prophylaxis might improve adherence rates.
RÉSUMÉ
Historique : La thromboprophylaxie postchirurgicale réduit l’incidence d’embolie pulmonaire et de thrombose veineuse profonde. Dans des études antérieures, le taux d’observance des lignes directrices recommandées en thromboprophylaxie variait de 13,3 % à 94,0 %.
Objectif : Cette analyse clinique a été menée pour évaluer le taux d’observance du protocole de prophylaxie de la thromboembolie veineuse chez les patients opérés, dans l’établissement des auteurs.
Méthodes : Une analyse des dossiers médicaux des patients opérés entre avril 2005 et mars 2006 a été effectuée. Les patients étaient retenus aux fins d’analyse s’ils avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale non urgente, avaient reçu une anesthésie générale pendant plus de 45 minutes, avaient été hospitalisés pendant plus de 48 heures et étaient âgés de plus de 40 ans. Les patients n’étaient pas retenus s’ils avaient été hospitalisés pour des raisons médicales, pour une intervention chirurgicale urgente ou orthopédique, ou s’ils avaient reçu une anticoagulothérapie avant l’intervention. Le risque de thromboembolie veineuse a été évalué pour chaque patient et leur thromboprophylaxie a été comparée à la thromboprophylaxie recommandée pour déterminer si elle était adéquate.
Résultats : On a eu recours à la thromboprophylaxie chez 82 des 100 patients opérés dont les dossiers médicaux ont été analysés. Cependant, seulement 29 % de ces patients ont reçu une thromboprophylaxie adéquate telle que définie dans le protocole. La principale raison expliquant l’inadéquation de la thromboprophylaxie était la mauvaise stratification des risques de thromboembolie veineuse des patients.
Conclusion : La plupart des patients opérés ont reçu une thromboprophylaxie qui, chez une forte proportion d’entre eux, était sous-optimale selon le risque évalué. L’utilisation d’une liste de contrôle pour évaluer le risque de thrombose et la formation des praticiens sur la stratification du risque et les bienfaits de la prophylaxie pourraient faire augmenter les taux d’observance.
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