Phenytoin for the Prophylaxis of Posttraumatic and Postcraniotomy Seizures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v53i1.690Keywords:
phenytoin, posttraumatic, postcraniotomy, seizure prophylaxis, phénytoïne, post-traumatique, postcraniotomique, prophylaxie anti-criseAbstract
ABSTRACT
Patients with traumatic head injury and those who have undergone neurosurgery are considered at greater risk for seizures and are routinely given phenytoin for prophylaxis. The author conducted a literature review on the topic of seizure prophylaxis with phenytoin in posttraumatic and postcraniotomy patients. For posttraumatic seizures, phenytoin appears beneficial in preventing only early seizures (defined as occurring up to 1 week after injury). Phenytoin prophylaxis showed a beneficial effect after craniotomy in only one trial. On the basis of the literature review, prescribing guidelines were developed at the author’s institution. Patients with traumatic head injuries and those who have undergone craniotomy receive phenytoin prophylaxis for 7 days after the injury or the craniotomy. Prophylaxis is not given for late seizures; however, anticonvulsant treatment is started if a seizure occurs.
RÉSUMÉ
Les patients victimes de traumatismes crâniens et ceux ayant subi une neurochirurgie auraient un risque plus élevé de crise d’épilepsie et reçoivent systématiquement de la phénytoïne en prophylaxie. L’auteur a passé en revue la littérature traitant de la prophylaxie à la phénytoïne des crises chez les patients ayant subi un traumatisme ou une craniotomie. Dans les cas de crises post-traumatiques, la phénytoïne semble être bénéfique pour prévenir les crises précoces (définies comme celles survenant moins d’une semaine après le traumatisme). Le traitement prophylactique post-craniotomique à la phénytoïne a montré un effet bénéfique dans seulement un essai. En se fondant sur la revue de la littérature, l’établissement auquel est rattachée l’auteur a élaboré un guide de prescription. Les patients ayant subi un traumatisme crânien ou une craniotomie reçoivent un traitement prophylactique à la phénytoïne de sept jours suite au traumatisme ou à la craniotomie. Le traitement prophylactique n’est pas prescrit dans les cas de crises tardives. Cependant, un traitement anticonvulsivant est amorcé si des crises surviennent.
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